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The IPP term is normally used when referring to the quantity of PRT periods to be processed digitally. The reciprocal of PRF (or PRR) is called the pulse repetition time ( PRT), pulse repetition interval ( PRI), or inter-pulse period ( IPP), which is the elapsed time from the beginning of one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse.
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The first term (PRF) is more common in device technical literature ( Electrical Engineering and some sciences), and the latter (PRR) more commonly used in military-aerospace terminology (especially United States armed forces terminologies) and equipment specifications such as training and technical manuals for radar and sonar systems.
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radio or light) waves are conceptually pure single frequency phenomena while pulses may be mathematically thought of as composed of a number of pure frequencies that sum and nullify in interactions that create a pulse train of the specific amplitudes, PRRs, base frequencies, phase characteristics, et cetera (See Fourier Analysis). In the case of sonar, the term pulse repetition rate ( PRR) is more common, although it refers to the same concept.Įlectromagnetic (e.g. Sonar and lidar systems also have PRFs, as does any pulsed system. Modern radar systems are generally able to smoothly change their PRF, pulse width and carrier frequency, making identification much more difficult. This allowed pilots to be warned when an SA-2 SAM battery had "locked on", for instance.
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Radar warning receivers in aircraft include a library of common PRFs which can identify not only the type of radar, but in some cases the mode of operation. This gives each radar system a characteristic PRF, which can be used in electronic warfare to identify the type or class of a particular platform such as a ship or aircraft, or in some cases, a particular unit. Using older electronics, PRFs were generally fixed to a specific value, or might be switched among a limited set of possible values. Radar systems must balance these two competing requirements. This creates stronger reflections that make detection easier. Conversely, higher PRFs produce shorter maximum ranges, but broadcast more pulses, and thus radio energy, in a given time. Longer periods are required for longer range signals, requiring lower PRFs. Since the radio signal has to travel out to the target and back again, the required inter-pulse quiet period is a function of the radar's desired range. After producing a brief pulse of radio signal, the transmitter is turned off in order for the receiver units to hear the reflections of that signal off distant targets. The PRF is one of the defining characteristics of a radar system, which normally consists of a powerful transmitter and sensitive receiver connected to the same antenna. A related measure is the pulse width, the amount of time the transmitter is turned on during each pulse. For instance, a typical World War II radar like the Type 7 GCI radar had a basic carrier frequency of 209 MHz (209 million cycles per second) and a PRF of 300 or 500 pulses per second. The PRF is normally much lower than the frequency. Both are measured in terms of cycle per second, or hertz. In radar, a radio signal of a particular carrier frequency is turned on and off the term "frequency" refers to the carrier, while the PRF refers to the number of switches. The term is used within a number of technical disciplines, notably radar. The pulse repetition frequency ( PRF) is the number of pulses of a repeating signal in a specific time unit, normally measured in pulses per second. It is not to be confused with Pulse-per-second signal.